Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo –(BPPV) - a brief, intense sensation of vertigo that occurs because of a specific positional change of the head. An individual may experience BPPV when rolling over to the left or right upon getting out of bed in the morning, or when looking up for an object on a high shelf.

Labyrinthitis - an infection or inflammation of the inner ear causing dizziness and loss of balance.

Ménière's disease - an inner ear fluid balance disorder that causes episodes of vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, tinnitus (a ringing or roaring in the ears), and the sensation of fullness in the ear.

Vestibular neuronitis - an infection of the vestibular nerve, generally viral.

Perilymph fistula - a leakage of inner ear fluid to the middle ear. It can occur after head injury, physical exertion or, rarely, without a known cause.

Bilateral Vestibulopathy - Bilateral vestibulopathy occurs when the balance portions of both inner ears are damaged. The symptoms typically include imbalance and visual problems. The visual symptoms, called oscillopsia, only occur when the head is moving.

Ototoxicity - Ear poisoning that happens when individuals come into contact with drugs or chemicals that are poisonous to the inner ear or the vestibulocochlear nerve (the nerve sending balance/hearing information from the inner ear to the brain). Because the inner ear is involved in both hearing and balance, ototoxicity can result in disturbances of either or both of these senses.